Expressing thanks 2 — Cultural note


នៅប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក៏ដូចជានៅប្រទេសផ្សេងដែរ គឺបុរសតែងតែស្ម័គ្រចិត្តចូលទៅជួយ នៅពេលឃើញស្ត្រីកំពុងធ្វើការងារធ្ងន់អ្វីមួយ ពីព្រោះបុរសមានកម្លាំងខ្លាំងជាងស្ត្រីជនជាតិខ្មែរតែងតែចងចាំនិងឲ្យតម្លៃការជួយគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមកបានយូរអង្វែងណាស់ការជូនជាម្ហូបចំណីចំណុកបន្តិចបន្តួចជាញឹកញាប់ទៅអ្នកជិតខាងអ្នកធ្លាប់មានគុណ ទោះជាមិនមែនក្នុងឱកាសអ្វីជាពិសេសដ៏ដោយ គឺជាទម្លាប់របស់ជនជាតិខ្មែរដើម្បីសម្ដែងការអរគុណ

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KhmerPronunciationEnglish/Notes
នៅ nɨv 1. in, at
2. to be located at, to live in or at, to reside, to stay, to be in
3. still, yet (pre-verbal marker of a durative or continuative aspect, as a final particle in the tag question ហើយឬនៅ it means 'yet' and as a reply to a question of this kind, it means 'not yet') {ញ៉ាំអីហើយនៅ? = Have you eaten already?}
ប្រទេស prɑteeh country, nation
កម្ពុជា kampuʔcie Cambodia
ក៏ kɑɑ marker of sequential or consecutive action: also, so, then, therefore, accordingly
ដូចជា douc cie such as, like, as though, to seem as though, for instance
ផ្សេង pseeŋ to differ, to be different (from each other), to be separate
ដែរ dae 1. also, too, likewise, in the same way
2. indeed, quite, rather
3. marks a polite, gentler, less abrupt statement: all the same, even so, nevertheless
គឺ kɨɨ 1. to be (equal to)
2. as follows, namely
បុរស boʔrɑh man, male person
តែងតែ taeŋ tae usually, regularly, constantly, always, continually
ស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត smak cət 1. to express a wish/desire
2. to volunteer
3. willingness (to do something without outside pressure)
Notes: ជើង ត
ចូល coul 1. to enter, go in, penetrate
2. to approach
3. to reach
4. to begin, set in
5. may indicate the adverbial meaning of ‘inwardly’ or ‘forwardly’ directed movement
6. to enter into, subscribe to, contribute to
7. to take in (as revenue)
8. to mate (of animals)
9. to go into a trance (of a medium)
10. to possess (as a spirit possesses a medium)
11. to agree with
ទៅ tɨv 1. to go (away from the speaker in space or time), to go to/towards, go on, continue, advance, go away
2. towards
3. from now on, from then on (often used as a particle indicating that the action began at some point in the past or present and continued on into the future or that the action is directed away from the speaker)
4. imperative particle, go ahead and ...! {ញ៉ាំទៅ = Go ahead and eat/drink!}
ជួយ cuəy to help, to assist
ពេល peel 1. time
2. moment, instant, period of time
ឃើញ kʰəəɲ 1. to see, to perceive
2. to understand, to recognize
3. គិត ... ឃើញ = to find a solution, figure out, solve
4. to come to a conclusion, realize, understand
ស្ត្រី strǝy 1. woman, girl, lady
2. women
3. the female sex
Notes: ជើង ត
កំពុង kɑmpuŋ to be in the process of (doing something)
ធ្វើ tvəə 1. to do, to make, to work, to prepare
2. to cultivate (a field) {ធ្វើស្រែ = to work in a rice field, be a farmer, grow rice}
ការងារ kaaŋie job, work, profession, duty, task
ធ្ងន់ tŋʊən 1. heavy, not light
2. to weigh
អ្វីមួយ ʔvǝymuǝy 1. what?
2. any, some, a certain one
3. anything, nothing, something
ពីព្រោះ pii prʊəh 1. since, because
2. because of, on account of, by reason of
មាន mien 1. to have, possess, own
2. to exist, there is, there are
3. to be rich, own property
4. indicates the accomplishment of an action, to happen to, to have occasion to
Notes: in spoken Khmer, negated មាន (មិនមាន or គ្មាន) can be contracted into មាន, e.g., មានអ្នកណាចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there's nobody who wants to meet you’ — contrast this with the affirmative: មានគេចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there’s somebody who wants to meet you’
កម្លាំង kɑmlaŋ force, power, strength, energy, vigor, authority, influence
Notes: root: ខ្លាំង; also written កំឡាំង
ខ្លាំង klaŋ 1. to be strong, vigorous
2. loud
3. firm, sturdy
4. serious
5. strongly, vigorously, exceedingly
ជាង cieŋ 1. (more) ... than, in excess of, exceeding, to a greater extent than
2. marks the comparative degree of an adjective {ល្អជាង = better}
3. craftsman, artisan, skilled worker, smith {ជាងថត = camera man}
ជនជាតិ cɔɔn ciet 1. citizen, people {ជនជាតិខ្មែរ = Khmer people}
2. nationality
ខ្មែរ kmae Khmer, Cambodian
ចងចាំ cɑɑŋ cam to remember, retain, hold on to, be nostalgic about
និង nɨŋ and
ឲ្យ ʔaoy 1. to give
2. to let, to allow
3. for, to, in order to, so as to {ចង់ឲ្យខ្ញុំកុម្ម៉ង់អីញ៉ាំឲ្យហើយអត់? = Do you want me to order something for you already?}
4. in a... manner (forms adverbial phrases from predicatives)
Notes: also written អោយ, ឱ្យ
តម្លៃ tɑmlay 1. price
2. value
ការ kaa 1. commonly occurs as a nominalizing particle deriving abstract nouns or noun phrases from verbs or verb phrases
2. work, occupation
3. business, affair, matter
4. to protect, defend, prevent
5. to marry
6. marriage
7. wedding
8. interest (e.g., on a loan)
9. profit
10. usury
11. to wind (into a skein/bobbin/reel)
12. to spin (silk)
គ្នា knie 1. together
2. mutually, reciprocally
3. I/me/my (informal, intimate)
4. he/she/they/we (informal, intimate)
5. assistant, helper, colleague
6. friend, companion
7. people
8. clf. for persons
ទៅវិញទៅមក tɨv vɨɲ tɨv mɔɔk 1. back and forth
2. mutually, reciprocally
3. to each other
បាន baan 1. to have completed/done something
2. to intend to complete something
3. marker of completed action
4. to get, obtain, acquire, to achieve, have been able to, to get/have the opportunity to do something
5. to get someone or something to do something (often translated by the English passive in this sense)
6. to be able to
7. not ... until, then and only then
8. to pass to someone through inheritance
9. to be OK, fine, all right
10. [spoken language] however, though, in contrast {ម្សិលមិញបានក្ដៅខ្លាំង = yesterday, however, it was very hot}
11. {បានហើយ = I'm done, I give up, I'm finished (depending on the context)}
យូរ yuu 1. slow
2. (of time) long
3. late
អង្វែង ʔɑŋvaeŋ 1. to be old, ancient, existing for a long time
2. time: long, of very long duration
ណាស់ nah very, very much
ជូន cuun 1. to give, present, offer
2. to accompany, escort, give someone a lift or ride
3. to, for (formal or polite variant of ឲ្យ​)
ជា cie 1. to be (equal to), to be as
2. to be well, in good health, recovered
3. to be effective (of medicines)
ម្ហូប mhoup food, meal
rɨɨ 1. or
2. phrase-final interrogative particle {មិនមែនឬ = Isn't it true?}
ចំណីចំណុក cɑmnəy cɑmnok (all kinds of) snacks
បន្តិចបន្តួច bɑntəc bɑntuəc 1. a little, a few
2. to a small extent, just barely, somewhat
Notes: ជើង ត (both times)
ញឹកញាប់ ɲɨk ɲoap 1. repeatedly, many times
2. often, frequently, on many occasions
អ្នកជិតខាង neak cɨt kʰaaŋ neighbour
អ្នក neak 1. you (to equals of both sexes)
2. person, one who... (used as an agentive particle to create nouns from predicatives)
ធ្លាប់ tloap 1. to become accustomed to, to be familiar with, to have experience with, to be used to
2. to have the habit/custom of
3. marker of continuous action in the past
មានគុណ mien kun 1. to have done good deeds
2. to be grateful
ទោះជា tʊəh cie even though, although
មិនមែន mɨn mɛɛn no, not, is not
ក្នុង knoŋ 1. in, inside
2. during + (time word)
ឱកាស ʔaokaah 1. occasion, chance, opportunity, time
2. free time, permission, agreeing
3. cause, situation
4. polite word used to begin a conversation or to ask someone for something: please, may I have your attention
អ្វី ʔvəy 1. what?
2. anything, something, nothing
ជាពិសេស cie piʔseeh especially
ដ៏ dɑɑ 1. pre-adjectival particle used especially in formal and literary styles to link an attribute or clause to a noun or a verb to its object - its use is not required, but when it occurs it seems to give the phrase somewhat more emphasis
2. which, the one which
ដោយ daoy 1. by, with, along
2. (indicator of an adverb) in a ... manner
3. because
ទម្លាប់ tumloap 1. habit, custom
2. to make a habit of, to be accustomed to
របស់ rɔbɑh 1. object, thing, belonging, property
2. of, belonging to
ដើម្បី daəmbəy in order to, for, to, toward, reserved for
សម្ដែង sɑmdaəŋ 1. to express (an idea)
2. to show, display, demonstrate
3. to come into view
4. to act, perform, portray on the stage
5. to declare, proclaim
6. to publish, promulgate
Notes: root: ស្តែង; ជើង ដ; also written សំដែង
អរគុណ ʔɑɑ kun 1. thank you
2. to thank, to be grateful